depression and exercise

Continuing with last week’s theme quoting from Ratey’s book “Spark – The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain”, I wanted to touch on some of the new research related to depression.

As a trainer I can confirm one of Ratey’s first observations that a client “felt more passionate about life once he got into an exercise routine.”  He goes on to talk about what became known as the “endorphin rush”…

“Candace Pert had recently discovered that there were opiate receptors in the brain, meaning the body had a built-in way of killing pain with molecules that worked like morphine.  Endorphins, as they became known, dulled pain in the body and produced euphoria in the mind.  When elevated levels of endorphins were detected in the blood samples of a group of runners, everything seemed to fit.  The theory that exercise fills your brain with this morphinelike substance matched the good feeling everyone got.  It gave us the expression “runner’s high” an extreme version of the effect.”

“Blumenthal concluded that exercise was as effective as medication.  This is the study I photocopy for patients who are skeptical of the idea that exercise changes their brain chemistry enough to help their depression, because it puts the issue in terms that are as black-and-white as psychiatry can hope to deliver, at least for now.  The results should be taught in medical school and driven home with health insurance companies and posted on bulletin bouards of every nursing home in the country, where nearly a fifth of the residents have depression.  If everyone knew that exercise worked as well as Zoloft, I think we could put a real dent in the disease.”

“In short, exercise affects so many variables in the brain that its nigh impossible to isolate its effect as we’d like — in the name of hard science.  But the evidence is there, from the action of microscopic molecules to massive surveys of tens of thousands of people over the years.  Yes exercise is an antidepressant.  But it is also much more.”

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Blue Zones – recipes for healthy living

Sanjay Gupta talks with Dan Buettner author of The Blue Zone: Lessons for Living Longer From the People Who’ve Lived the Longest. A blue zone is a place around the globe with a disproportionately long living population, and Buettner goes to these places to study what makes them different. His three rules: 1. eat a mostly plant based diet 2. Regular low-intensity exercise 3. Invest in Family and Friends

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Ratey on Exercise & the Brain

Shrink Wrap Radio is a weekly podcast interviewing various luminaries in the field of psychiatry and the brain.  In this episode, Dr Dave interviews Dr John Ratey, about “miracle grow” for the brain aka exercise!

It’s a little bit geeky at the beginning but well worth a listen.

“There is just a flock of evidence for the benefits for depression, anxiety, panic disorder. Part of what the real message is, is that if you activate your brain with exercise, you’re gonna release a lot of the neurotransmitters we aim with in psychopharmacology, you know, our drugs that we use, serotonin drugs, dopamine drugs, neurepinephrine drugs, all tend to try we think to elevate the levels of these neurotransmitters. Well exercise does that pretty quickly!”

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Jack Lalanne Talks About Diet & Exercise

This guy is a recent discovery for me.  He’s old school, we’re talking b/w 50’s old school.  He’s great.  Talks about how to “Stop being so Tired”… Exercise, right calories + diet, and reduce your tension.  Wise words for any generation!

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Londoners give it a twirl…

Hoola hooping is getting big, apparently.  Somehow I hadn’t noticed.  Ok it’s popular at burning man, but still…   While in London though, I saw this article at the Guardian – Give it a twirl.

“The retro art of hula hooping is making a comeback on both sides of the Atlantic.  And no wonder, says Lucy Atkins:  as well as being a lot of fun, it will tone your body in all the right places”

If you’re interested in hooping in NYC, checkout Groove Hoops.  They have classes…

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summer time means constant hydration

It turns out that among nutritionists water is actually considered a nutrient.  Some people swear it’s a diet elixir, and studies show it helps your skin as well.  Certainly anyone who’s ever gone to the beach all day in the sun knows how drained you’ll feel later in the day.  A lot of this is due to dehydration too.

If you’re exercising in the summer months, you have to be particularly aware and careful about hydration.  In direct sun, heat exhaustion and heat stroke become risks.  I try to run along routes where there are water fountains.  Spraying some cold water on yourself every 15 minutes or so does wonders.  I also run with a water pack which is easier than carrying a water bottle, and is always available.  Plus the weight sits nicely distributed around your core, where it’s easiest to balance.

I would recommend some specifics about how much water if it were a simple matter.  But the truth is each persons body is different, based on size, weight, age, and exercise intensity.  So the best way, as I’ve mentioned before is to monitor your urine color (should be clear) before and after workout.

It is especially important not to just wait until you’re thirsty.  This happens after the body has already become dehydrated, and even then is not consistent in all people.  Another method to monitor your fluid intake is to weigh yourself before and after your workout. If you have significant weight loss, this is most likely from liquids lost.  Over time you should learn to gauge your own body.  Monitoring is the best way to get better at this.

About.com has a pretty good article on the topic.  Read here.

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What Is Weight Bearing Exercise?

People often ask me about exercise without using weights and weight machines.  What exactly is weight bearing exercise?

The bones in the human body are as alive as any other tissues.  Bone is laid down in the same direction as mechanical stress.  In other words, as you use your body, your skeletal frame, your bones build, and become more dense.  Just like muscles, if you don’t use them, they will weaken.

In fact, interestingly enough, this is a big problem for astronauts.  When they are exposed to the weightless environment of outer space, their bones actually shrink up to 2% per month, and they return brittle and weak.  They actually develop Osteoporosis over a very short period of time.

Why do I mention astronauts?  Well because people that are bedridden because of an injury, or just people who don’t exercise much, tending more towards the sedentary lifestyle, exhibit these same symptoms of Osteoporosis, albeit over many years.

So weight bearing exercise, opposing the force of gravity, is an important part of your fitness routine, be it running, rowing, or lifting some weights.   My personal favorites are body weight exercises, that use only the weight of the body to stimulate and build muscle and bone.

In researching for this article, I found a very good piece on the subject What’s G Got To Do With It?  You can all search google for terms like “astronaut osteoperosis”, “astronaut bone mass”, “exercise bone density”, etc.

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exercise + brain health

I keep seeing a lot of studies suggesting that regular exercise, and in particular cardiovascular exercise such as running, have as much benefit on the brain, protecting against depression and anxiety, as they do fighting cardiovascular disease.

A recent issue of ACE’s “Fitness Matters” featured an article titled “This Is Your Brain On Exercise” by Jim Gerard, they talk about this affect…

 ”People who exercise more have a lower risk of developing depression and anxiety.  Brain imaging techniques show that when we’re exercising, parts of our brains are consuming more oxygen and are more metabolically active. 

In Fact, the shield that exercise puts up against depression and anxiety is just as strong as its long-renowned protection against cardiovascular disease.  Studies suggest that people who exercise regularly and have a stroke later in life might suffer less damage because they’re able to utilize cellular stress proteins developed from exercising.”

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what exercise is good to keep my xxx firm?

You’ve probably heard it, you’ve probably had a conversation about it, or maybe you asked the question… How do I keep my butt firm, or the back of my arms? The ladies ask, how do I keep my tummy firm, or my boobs?

Or maybe you’ve wondered, is there a certain diet or exercise regimen that is good for my skin?

There are a couple of points to keep in mind here. First off, the good news. Cardiovascular exercise is great for your circulation, and as such is great for your skin. Think: it removes toxins & improves blood flow, etc. Also, if you’re smoking, this is bad news for your skin, so stop, or at least cut down. And here’s another little gem, drink lots of water! Dehydration is bad for your skin. Don’t know if you’re dehydrated, well if you’re thirsty, you’re more than likely long since dehydrated. Better yet check the color of your pee. That’s right, yellow means your dehydrated, clear means you have plenty of fluids.

What else? How do I lose fat in this one location? Unfortunately it doesn’t really work that way. Your body distributes your fat exactly how it sees fit to. It does this by concentrating fat around your center of gravity. That is slightly different in men than women, but on the whole, what you need to keep in mind is that exercise overall reduces your overall bodyfat content, which reduces it everywhere at once. That’s right ladies, as you probably already know, when you lose weight, your breasts get smaller too. Less fat means firmer. One caveat to all of this though, as you gain muscle mass, the fat you do have sits better on your body too, so that is a small added benefit. In general try to do a combination of cardiovascular training such as running or other sport that gets your heart rate up, and on alternate days resistance training, which builds muscle mass. These two in combination will increase your metabolism, improve your overall body composition (or body density) so that your burn calories more efficiently.

Last but not least, don’t forget your diet. As my favorite write/speaker on nutrition Michael Pollan says “Eat food, mostly plants, not too much”. Check out his video below.

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Protein: more, less or what?

This has to be the number one universal question I hear people ask. When I start working out, do I need to eat a lot of protein??There are so many myths around diet, it’s hard to know where to start.

So instead I’ll cut right to the chase. These are the basic recommendations from American Council on Exercise:

Protein: 12-20% caloric intake

Carbohydrate: 55-65% caloric intake

Fat: 25-30% caloric intake

Vitamins: see RDA

Minerals: see RDA

Water: 2-3 quarts per day

Increasing the protein intake from 12% to 18% when doing resistance training, is recommended.

Note that the former “meat” group on the food guide pyramid is now called the meat and beans group. For 2200 calorie diet:

2 cups fruits

3 cups veggies

7 oz grains

6 oz meat or beans

3 cups milk/dairy

6 tsp oils

Here’s some more good news. Even if you don’t think about protein, there are lots of ways to get it. Not eating a lot of meat or fish? No problem, our omnivorian bodies can make it. Here are a few ways:

rice + sesame seeds = complete protein

sunflower seeds + peanuts = complete protein

milk + legume soups = complete protein

macaroni + cheese = complete protein

cereal + milk = complete protein

peanut butter sandwich = complete protein

rice + bean casserole = complete protein

My conclusions (note these are mine only, for official word on the topic, please talk to a registered dietician): 12% of protein is so low as to not even have to think about it. Most americans eat a huge amount of protein, and many have to worry about REDUCING their protein intake. Too much protein actually taxes the body, as the liver has to convert it to carbohydrate energy. So what most people really have to concentrate on, and worry about is eating enough fruits and vegetables.

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